HORTICULTURE :- Horticultural ORNAMENTAL PLANT Identification (HORT 4.4)

ASHOK

 

 

 

• ENGLISH NAME : Ashok

• GUJARATI NAME : અશોક 

• BOTANICAL NAME : Saraca asoca (Roxb.) Willd.

• FAMILY : Caesalpiniaceae

• PROPAGATION : By Seed

• NATIVE : India, Myanmar and Malaya

• DESCRIPTION: The ashoka is a rain-forest tree. it is slow growing evergreen, drooping branches tree.
• Leaves-  paripinnate leaves (Having an equal number of leaflets on either side of the central stalk is called paripinnate leaves)
• Flowers -  Orange-red coloured flowers in cluster. Its flowering season is around February to April. The ashoka is prized for its beautiful foliage and fragrant flowers.

• USES: As ornamental tree. Ashoka is the widely used uterine tonic (Uterine tonics are women's herbs for female reproductive health. They are often use to prepare women for an easier childbirth by toning the muscles of uterus. They can be used to address menstrual problems) in Ayurvedic medicine. It has several traditional uses that support healthy reproductive system in women. It helps in controlling excessive bleeding during menstruation caused as a result of leucorrhoea, uterine fibroids and other related diseases

• EXTRA RESEARCH:

THUJA

• ENGLISH NAME : Thuja

• GUJARATI NAME : થુજા

• BOTANICAL NAME : Thuja orientalis var. compacta

• FAMILY : Cupressaceae

• PROPAGATION : By Cutting and Seed
• NATIVE : China

• DESCRIPTION:  Very slow growing evergreen woody shrub with thickest foliage and forms a globular or slighly conical  specimen.

• USES: Useful for pot plant. Excellently suited for planting in lawn.

• EXTRA RESEARCH:

CYCAS

• COMMON NAME : Sago palm

• ENGLISH NAME : Cycas

• GUJARATI NAME : સાયકસ

• BOTANICAL NAME : Cycas revoluta Thunb.

• FAMILY : Cycadaceae

• PROPAGATION : Either by seed or by removal of basal offsets

• NATIVE : Southern Japan including the Ryukyu Islands
• DESCRIPTION:  Dark green leaves on a thick shaggy trunk that is typically about 20 cm in diameter, sometimes wider. The trunk is very low to subterranean ( Underground part of a seed plant body that originates usually from hypocotyl, functions as a organ of absorption, aeration and food storage or as a means of support is called subterranean) in young plants, but lengthens above ground with age. It can grow into very old specimens with 6–7 m of trunk; however, the plant is very slow-growing and requires about 50–100 years to achieve this height. Trunks can branch multiple times, thus producing multiple heads of leaves.

• It is dioecious, with the males bearing pollen cones and the females bearing groups of megasporophylls. Pollination can be done naturally by insects or artificially.

• REMARK : Dark, green, thick, narrow leaves

• USES: as a ornamental purpose

JETROPHA

• ENGLISH NAME : Jetropha

• GUJARATI NAME : જેટ્રોફા

• BOTANICAL NAME : Jetropha hastate

• FAMILY : Euphorbiaceae

• PROPAGATION : By Seed and Cutting

• NATIVE : Cuba

• DESCRIPTION:  A quick growing medium sized, 1-1.5 m tall shrub which bears small scarlet(red) flowers through out the year.
• Leaves- the leaves are small green and spatula shaped (A thin, flat wooden or metal instrument used in medical examination. example:-for holding down the tongue or taking cell samples) .

• REMARK : Trishul shaped leaves, and having copious amount of watery or milky sap when cut.

• USES: Useful for pot as well as shrubberies.

DIOSPYRO

• ENGLISH NAME : Diospyros

• GUJARATI NAME : ડાયોસ્પયારસ

• BOTANICAL NAME : Diospyros virginiana L.

• FAMILY : Ebenaceae

• PROPAGATION : 

• NATIVE : 
• DESCRIPTION:  
• Leaves- 
• Flowers - 
• Fruits - 

• REMARK : 

• USES: 

ARALIA

• ENGLISH NAME : Aralia

• GUJARATI NAME : અરેલિયા

• BOTANICAL NAME : Polyscias spp.

• FAMILY : Araliaceae

• PROPAGATION : By Stem cutting, Air layering and occasionally from seeds.

• NATIVE : 

• DESCRIPTION:  It can be conveniently used under shady locations. The shrub grows straight and produce few branches if left uncut. The leaves are small and round with wave edges.

• REMARK :The leaves are normally thicker. Dark green colour at the boundary, while yellowish shade in the middle portion. 

• USES: As a ornamental shrub.

CROTON

• ENGLISH NAME : Croton

• GUJARATI NAME : ક્રોટોન

• BOTANICAL NAME : Codiaeum variegatum

• FAMILY : Euphorbiaceae

• PROPAGATION : By Stem Cutting

• NATIVE : Indonesia, Malaysia, Australia, and the western Pacific Ocean islands

• DESCRIPTION:  It is a handsome plant with colourful foliage.
• Leaves- The large leaves have blotches of red, brown, yellow, cream, pink and innumerable other colours blended artificially. They form with twisted, thin leaves, narrow leaves.
• Flowers - Male and female flowers on separate inflorescences; the male flowers are white with five small petals and 20–30 stamens, the female flowers yellowish, with no petals.
• Fruits - The fruit is a capsule 9 mm diameter, containing three 6 mm seeds.

• REMARK : Having colourful leaves.

• USES: Use as ornamental shrub. They are good for pot and shrubbery.

EUPHORBIA

• ENGLISH NAME : Euphorbia

• GUJARATI NAME : યુફોર્બિયા

• BOTANICAL NAME : Euphorbia milii

• FAMILY : Euphorbiaceae

• PROPAGATION : By Seeds, Cutting, and Grafting

• NATIVE : Madagascar

• DESCRIPTION:  It is a succulent climbing shrub growing to 1.8 m tall, with densely spiny stems. The straight, slender spines, up to 3 cm long, help it scramble over other plants.
• Leaves- The leaves are found mainly on new growth, and are obovate ( An egg shaped leaf with the narrower end at the base is called obovate leaf of plant), up to 3.5 cm long and 1.5 cm broad. 
• Flowers - variably red, pink or white, up to 12 mm broad.

• REMARK : The stems are totally filled with sharp thorns. Also the leaf is thick and having round shape at the apex. The flowers are red coloured and very attractive.

• USES: As a Ornamental shrub. It has also been used in folk medicine.

ACALYPHA

  

  

  

• ENGLISH NAME : Acalypha

• GUJARATI NAME : એકેલીફા

• BOTANICAL NAME : Acalypha hispida

• FAMILY : Euphorbiaceae

• PROPAGATION : By cutting (Semi hard wood)

• NATIVE : Hawaii and Oceania

• DESCRIPTION:  The plant is dioecious, and therefore there are distinct male and female members of the species.
• Leaves- The leaves are broad and dar green or bronze red or variegated in colour.
• Flowers - Crimson flowers

• REMARK : Glossy bodered leaves. border of leaves having different colour than leaves colour. its having attractive leaves.

• USES: As a Ornamental shrub.

MAST TREE

• ENGLISH NAME : Mast tree

• GUJARATI NAME : આસોપાલવ

• BOTANICAL NAME : Polyalthia longifolia Thw.

• FAMILY : Anonaceae

• PROPAGATION : By Seed

• NATIVE : India

• DESCRIPTION: Grow over 30 ft in height Lofty evergreen tree,  It exhibits symmetrical pyramidal growth with willowy weeping pendulous branches and long narrow lanceolate leaves with undulate margins.
• Leaves- Fresh leaves are a coppery brown color and are soft and delicate to touch, as the leaves grow older the color becomes a light green and finally a dark green.
• Flowers - In spring the tree is covered with delicate star-like pale green flowers. The flowers last for a short period, usually two to three weeks, are not conspicuous due to their color.
• Fruits - Fruit is born in clusters of 10-20, initially green but turning purple or black when ripe. These are loved by birds such as the Asian koel Eudynamys scolopaceus and bats including flying foxes.

• USES: Used as a religious purpose.

SILVER OAK

• ENGLISH NAME : Silver oak

• GUJARATI NAME : સિલ્વર ઓક 

• BOTANICAL NAME : Grevillea robusta

• FAMILY : Proteaceae

• PROPAGATION : By Seed

• NATIVE : Eastern Coastal Australia

• DESCRIPTION: It is a fast-growing evergreen tree, between 18–35 m tall, with dark green delicately dented bipinnate leaves reminiscent of a fern frond. It is the largest plant in the Grevillea genus, reaching trunk diameters in excess of 1 m.
• Leaves- dark green colour leaves
• Flowers - Golden yellow

• REMARK : Green coloured bipinnate leaves. leaves are different than all other leaves.so, its easy to identify.

• USES: Use as ornamental tree. it has been use for manufacturing of  furniture, cabinatery, and fences .flowers are use for honey production. suitable for avenues.

IXORA

 

 

• ENGLISH NAME : Ixora

• GUJARATI NAME : ઇક્જોરા

• BOTANICAL NAME : Ixora coccinia

• FAMILY : Rubiaceae

• PROPAGATION : Cutting and Air layering

• NATIVE : Southern India and Sri Lanka

• DESCRIPTION : Dense, multi-branched evergreen shrub, commonly 4–6 ft in height, but capable of reaching up to 12 ft high. It has a rounded form, with a spread that may exceed its height
• Leaves- The glossy, leathery, oblong leaves are about 4 in (10 cm) long, with entire margins, and are carried in opposite pairs or whorled on the stems.
• Flowers - The orange red flowers appear in large heads or clusters at the end of the branches. monsoon is the best season for flowers. There is a variation in flower colour, it may be yellow, orange, scarlet, white, pink etc.

• REMARK : 

• USES : Use as Ornamental shrub, and The flowers, leaves, roots, and the stem are used to treat various ailments in the Indian traditional system of medicine, the Ayurveda, and in various folk medicines. The fruits, when fully ripe, are used as a dietary source.

SARU

• ENGLISH NAME : Saru

• GUJARATI NAME : સરુ

• BOTANICAL NAME : Casuarina equisetifolia

• FAMILY : Casuarinaceae

• PROPAGATION : By Fresh seeds

• NATIVE : Malaysia , Southern Asia ,Australia and Oceania

• DESCRIPTION:  The tree can attain heights of up to 50 meters, with a diameter of up to 18 centimetres.
• Branchlets are pine-needle like, greyish green, jointed, thin , 10 to 20 centimetres long, minutely ridged, hairy in furrows.
• Leaves- Leaves are reduced to tiny scales, six to eight in whorls, whorls encircle joints of branchlets.
• Flowers - Flowers are unisexual/monoecious, inconspicuous, female in small axillary clusters, male in small terminal spikes.
• Fruits -  Fruit is a tiny, one-seeded, winged nutlet, formed in woody cone-like clusters (fruiting heads), these clusters are brown, two-centimetre-long and 1.3 centimetre-wide.

• REMARK : 

• USES: As a Ornamental tree and windbreak.

DURANATA

• ENGLISH NAME : Duranta

• GUJARATI NAME : ડયુરાન્તા 

• BOTANICAL NAME :    Duranta plumieri

• FAMILY : Verbenaceae
• PROPAGATION : By Cutting and Seeds

• NATIVE : Southern Florida to Mexico and South America

• DESCRIPTION: Duranta is a smooth, unarmed shrub, growing to a height of 1-3 meters, with straggling and drooping branches
• Leaves - The leaves are small, obovate-elliptic, 2-3 cm long  and branches have tendency to grow quikly, when cut
• Flowers - The blue flowers appears in abundance in dropping racemes, in hanging clusters.
• Fruits - Fruit is fleshy, ovoid, orange-yellow and 7 to 8 millimeters long.

• REMARK : leaves are small and in light green colour

• USES: Commonly cultivated as Hedge and Ornamental plant.

PILI KARAN

 

• ENGLISH NAME : Pili karan

• GUJARATI NAME : કરેણ 
• BOTANICAL NAME : Thevetia nerifolia

• FAMILY : Apocynaceae

• PROPAGATION : By seeds and cuttings

• NATIVE :  Native of central and tropical S America from Mexico and the West Indies to Brazil

• DESCRIPTION: All parts of the plant are poisonous. A number of glycosidal derivatives of cardenolide have been detected of which thevetin is present throughout except in the leaves and fruit-pulp. The leaves contain several other glycosides including neriantin. The former substance is cardio-toxic acting like digitalis, but only fractionally as strong. It has been suggested as a substitute for use in digitalis-intolerance. The kernel contains another and more toxic bitter principle which causes tetanic convulsions and speedy death for which it is commonly used in India for suicide and murder.
• Perticularly it is known as yellow oleander. 
• Flowers - yellow colored

• REMARK : Having glossy green coloured narrow leaves. with white sap when cut.

• USES: Used as ornamental shrub.

     

GULMOHAR

 

• ENGLISH NAME : Gulmohar

• GUJARATI NAME : ગુલમોહર 

• BOTANICAL NAME : Dilonex regia

• FAMILY : Fabaceae

• PROPAGATION : By Seeds

• NATIVE : Madagascar

• DESCRIPTION:   it usually grows to a modest height (mostly 5 meters, but it can reach an maximum height of 12 meters) but spreads widely, and its dense foliage provides full shade. In areas with a marked dry season, it sheds its leaves during the drought, but in other areas it is virtually evergreen.
• Leaves- bipinnate leaves

• Flowers - Orange or deep scarlet

• REMARK : Branches colour is green rather than brown in peltophorum.

• USES: As a Ornamental tree and Suitable for avenues and in park.

PELTOPHORUM

• ENGLISH NAME : Peltophorum (Yellow gulmohar)

• GUJARATI NAME : પેલ્તોફોરમ 

• BOTANICAL NAME : Peltophorum pterocarpum

• FAMILY : Fabaceae

• PROPAGATION : By Seed

• NATIVE :  Tropical southeastern Asia and northern Australasia

• DESCRIPTION: Peltophorum pterocarpum is a  deciduous tree usually reaching a height of 15 (-24) m, although it may attain 50 m and a diameter of 50 (-100) cm. Bark smooth, grey; crown dense, spreading.
• Leaves - The leaves are bipinnate, 30–60 cm long, with 16-20 pinnae, each pinna with 20-40 oval leaflets 8–25 mm long and 4–10 mm broad. 
• Flowers -The flowers are yellow, 2.5–4 cm diameter, produced in large compound racemes up to 20 cm long. Trees begin to flower after about four years.
• Fruits - fruits are 1-4 seeded pods, flat, thin, winged, 5-10 cm long, dark red when ripe, then turning black.
• Roots - Pterocarpum has a deep root system. The specific epithet 'pterocarpum' alludes to its winged seed. 

• REMARK : There is a confusion to identify peltophorum and gulmohur as they look very similar. but there is slight difference. The difference is colour of branches. the branches of peltophorum is brown in colour while the branch colour of gulmohur is green. 

• USES: Use as an ornamental tree. and as avenue tree alternately with gulmohur. The wood has a wide variety of uses, including cabinet-making and the foliage is used as a fodder crop.

SIRIS

• ENGLISH NAME : Siris (Lebbeck tree)

• GUJARATI NAME : સીરિસ  

• BOTANICAL NAME : Albizia lebbeck

• FAMILY : Fabaceae

• PROPAGATION : By Seed

• NATIVE : Indomalaya, New Guinea and Northern Australia

• DESCIPTION : It is a tree growing to a height of 18–30 m tall with a trunk 50 cm to 1 m in diameter. The leaves are bipinnate, 7.5–15 cm long, with one to four pairs of pinnae, each pinna with 6–18 leaflets. The flowers are white, with numerous 2.5–3.8 cm long stamens, and very fragrant. The fruit is a pod 15–30 cm long and 2.5-5.0 cm broad, containing six to twelve seeds.

• REMARK: Siris also looks alike peltophorum. but basic difference between siris and peltophorum is the size of their leaves. The leaf size of siris is more than that of peltophorum.

CHANDAN

• ENGLISH NAME : Chandan (sandalwood)

• GUJARATI NAME : ચંદન  

• BOTANICAL NAME : Santalum album L.

• FAMILY : Santalaceae

• NATIVE: Southwest Asia and Malaysia

• DESCRIPTION: The source of this scent is a tree that can grow to a height of ten metres, is evergreen and flowers throughout the year. . 
• Leaves -  The leaves are thin, opposite and ovate to lanceolate in shape. Surface is shiny and bright green.
• Flowers - Its unscented flowers usually have four petals which on opening look yellow but gradually take on a deep red colour. They grow in clusters at the tips of the branches. 
• Fruits -  Fruit is produced after three years, viable seeds after five. These seeds are distributed by birds.
• Roots - Sandalwood trees are semi-parasites. They derive some of their nourishment from the root systems of neighbouring plants, but can also survive alone, without a host plant.

• REMARK: The leaves of the sandalwood are very smooth and having light green colour with light touch of yellow colour.

TAGAR

• ENGLISH NAME : Tagar (Chandani)

• GUJARATI NAME : ટગર , તગડી 

• BOTANICAL NAME :  Tabernaemontana coronaria L.

• FAMILY : Apocynaceae

• PROPAGATION : By Cuttings

• NATIVE: Parts of India,China and Thailand

• DESCRIPTION: In general, this spreading, bushy shrub grows to a height of 6 to 10 feet tall and 5 to 8 feet wide.
• Leaves - it is evergreen ever blooming shrub with dark green leaves.
• Flowers - The white coloured singe or double flowers are borne profusely during summer and monsoon.

• REMARK: The leaves are shiny(looks like waxy coating done on the surface), the leaves are dark green in colour and plant have white flower(looking very similar to the jasmine flower)

• USES:

CHINA ROSE

 

 

• ENGLISH NAME : China rose

• GUJARATI NAME : જાસુદ 

• BOTANICAL NAME : Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L.

• FAMILY : Malvaceae

• PROPAGATION : By cutting, Budding and Side Grafting

• NATIVE:  Tropical Asia

• DESCRIPTION: Hibiscus rosa-sinensis is an evergreen Shrub growing to 2.5 m (8ft) by 2.5 m (8ft) at a fast rate.The flowers are hermaphrodite (have both male and female organs) and are pollinated by Insects.

• REMARK: The boundary of the leaves are gradually moving towards front side making many corners at the boundary. Anther and stigma of the flowers are protruded out from the center of the flower.
• USES : As ornamental shrub.  The flower is additionally used in hair care as a preparation. It is also used to shine shoes in certain parts of India. It can also be used as a pH indicator. When used, the flower turns acidic solutions to a dark pink or magenta color and basic solutions to green. It is also used for the worship.

• EXTRA RESEARCH:

KADAMBA

• ENGLISH NAME : Kadamba

• GUJARATI NAME : કદમ 

• BOTANICAL NAME : Anthocephalus cadamba

• FAMILY : Rubiaceae

• NATIVE : India, Australia and China

• DESCRIPTION: Anthocephaluscadamba is a large tree with a broad crown and straight cylindrical bole. The tree: may reach a height of 45 m with trunk diameters of 100-(160) cm. The tree sometimes has small buttresses and a broad crown. The bark is gray, smooth in young trees, rough and longitudinally fissured in old trees. 
• Leaves - Leaves glossy green, opposite, simple more or less sessile to petiolate, ovate to elliptical (15-50 x 8-25 cm). 
• Flowers - Inflorescence in clusters; terminal globose heads without bracteoles, subsessile fragrant, orange or yellow flowers; Flowers bisexual, 5-merous, calyx tube funnel-shaped, corolla gamopetalous saucer-shaped with a narrow tube, the narrow lobes imbricate in bud. Stamens 5, inserted on the corolla tube, filaments short, anthers basifixed. Ovary inferior, bilocular, sometimes 4-locular in the upper part, style exserted and a spindle-shaped stigma. 
• Fruits - Fruitlets numerous with their upper parts containing 4 hollow or solid structures. 
• Seeds - Seed trigonal or irregularly shaped.

• REMARK:

• EXTRA RESEARCH:

BAHUINIA

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• ENGLISH NAME : Bauhinia (Kachnar)(Camel's foot tree)

• GUJARATI NAME : બૌહીનિયા 

• BOTANICAL NAME : Bauhinia purpurea

• FAMILY : Caesalpiniaceae
• PROPAGATION : By seed

• NATIVE : India

• DESCRIPTION: 
• Leaves - camel foot shape 
• Flowers - Purpal to lilac

• REMARK: Green camel foot like leaves.

• EXTRA RESEARCH: