SOIL SCIENCE :- Rocks and Minerals

ROCKS:-

1.GRANITE
MINEROLOGICAL COMPOSITION		Orthoclase feldspar, Quartz and Mica with or without hornblende
CLASSIFICATION		Igneous, Plutonic, Acidic
LOCALITY		Andhra Pradesh, Belgam, Khanpur, Vanakbori, Dantiwada, Panchmahal, Sabarkantha.
REMARKS		High silica > 6.5 % sio2 , Sp.gr. 2.64 g cc-1

2.SYENITE
MINEROLOGICAL COMPOSITION		Little or absence of Quartz, Orthoclase feldspar, Hornblende, sometime little Plagioclase feldspar
CLASSIFICATION		Igneous, Plutonic, Sub-acidic
LOCALITY		Andhra Pradesh, Belgam, Khanpur, Vanakbori, Dantiwada, Panchmahal, Sabarkantha.
REMARKS		Intermediate silica 55-65 % sio2 , Sp.gr. 2.80 g cc-1

3.DIORITE
MINEROLOGICAL COMPOSITION		Plagioclase feldspar, Hornblende, Biotite, Augite
CLASSIFICATION		Igneous, Plutonic, Sub-basic
LOCALITY		Decan trap area, Junagadh
REMARKS		Sp.gr. 2.80 g cc-1

4.BASALT
MINEROLOGICAL COMPOSITION		Plagioclase feldspar, Augite, Magnetite
CLASSIFICATION		Igneous, Volcanic, Basic
LOCALITY		Trap area of south Gujarat & Saurashtra
REMARKS		Average Sp.gr. 3.00 g cc-1 ; High in basic ions; Smooth surface.

5.TRAP (AMYGDALOIDAL)
MINEROLOGICAL COMPOSITION		Plagioclase feldspar, Augite, Magnetite
CLASSIFICATION		Igneous, Volcanic, Basic
LOCALITY		Trap area, Dhari, Amreli, Rajkot, Gondal, Morbi, Botad
REMARKS		--

 

5.TRAP (AMYGDALOIDAL)
MINEROLOGICAL COMPOSITION		Plagioclase feldspar, Augite, Magnetite
CLASSIFICATION		Igneous, Volcanic, Basic
LOCALITY		Trap area, Dhari, Amreli, Rajkot, Gondal, Morbi, Botad
REMARKS		--

 

6.TRAP (VESICULAR)
MINEROLOGICAL COMPOSITION		Plagioclase feldspar, Augite, Magnetite
CLASSIFICATION		Igneous, Volcanic, Basic
LOCALITY		Trap area, Dhari, Amreli, Rajkot, Gondal, Morbi, Botad
REMARKS		--

7.TRAP (CONCRETIONARY)
MINEROLOGICAL COMPOSITION		Plagioclase feldspar, Augite, Magnetite
CLASSIFICATION		Igneous, Volcanic, Basic
LOCALITY		Trap area of Satara district
REMARKS		Irregular rounded mass

8.SHINGLE
MINEROLOGICAL COMPOSITION		Mainly Quartz
CLASSIFICATION		Loose, Arenaceous, Sedimentary
LOCALITY		Gokak
REMARKS		Layers are compressed

9.GRIT
MINEROLOGICAL COMPOSITION		Mainly Quartz
CLASSIFICATION		Loose, Arenaceous, Sedimentary
LOCALITY		Gokak
REMARKS		Layers cannot be distinguished

10.CONGLOMERATE
MINEROLOGICAL COMPOSITION		Mainly Quartz but pebbles of other minerals also present
CLASSIFICATION		Consolidated, Arenaceous, Sedimentary
LOCALITY		Gotak, Panchmahal
REMARKS		Hardly any layer can be seen

11.SANDSTONE (WHITE)
MINEROLOGICAL COMPOSITION		Mainly Quartz
CLASSIFICATION		Consolidated, Arenaceous, Sedimentary
LOCALITY		Gotak, Morbi, Himatnagar, Bharuch, Panchmahal, Surendranagar
REMARKS		Rough to feel, no layers

12.SANDSTONE (BADAMI)
MINEROLOGICAL COMPOSITION		Mainly Quartz
CLASSIFICATION		Consolidated, Arenaceous, Sedimentary
LOCALITY		Gotak side near Varoli in Bombay
REMARKS		no layers

14.LATERITE
MINEROLOGICAL COMPOSITION		Mixture of hydrated oxides of Fe & Al
CLASSIFICATION		Loose/ consolidated, argillaceous, sedimentary
LOCALITY		Belgam, Ratnagiri, Dharwar,  Thana, Satara, Dang hills
REMARKS		Becomes hard when opened

15.SHALE (WHITE)
MINEROLOGICAL COMPOSITION		Mainly white
CLASSIFICATION		consolidated, argillaceous, sedimentary
LOCALITY		Dharwar
REMARKS		--

16.SHALE (PINK)
MINEROLOGICAL COMPOSITION		Mainly clay
CLASSIFICATION		consolidated, argillaceous, sedimentary
LOCALITY		Dharwar
REMARKS		--

18.LIME STONE (SHAHABAD)
MINEROLOGICAL COMPOSITION		Mainly CaCO3
CLASSIFICATION		consolidated, calcareous, sedimentary
LOCALITY		Shahabad, Nizamudin
REMARKS		Layers quite distinct

19.LIME STONE (CUDDAPAH)
MINEROLOGICAL COMPOSITION		Mainly CaCO3
CLASSIFICATION		consolidated, calcareous, sedimentary
LOCALITY		Madras, near kaladgi in bombay
REMARKS		Distinguished from black marble by layers

20.LIME STONE (PORBANDAR)
MINEROLOGICAL COMPOSITION		Mainly CaCO3
CLASSIFICATION		consolidated, calcareous, sedimentary
LOCALITY		Saurashtra, Baroda
REMARKS		No layers

21.COAL
MINEROLOGICAL COMPOSITION		Carbon
CLASSIFICATION		carbonaceous, sedimentary
LOCALITY		Kutch, some part of saurashtra, Raniganj, Bengal
REMARKS		--

22.QUARTZITE
MINEROLOGICAL COMPOSITION		Entirely Quartz
CLASSIFICATION		Thermometamorphic/hydrometamorphic
LOCALITY		Gokak, Kadana
REMARKS		Hard rock

23.GRANITE GNEISS
MINEROLOGICAL COMPOSITION		Quartz, Orthoclasefeldspar, hornblende, mica
CLASSIFICATION		Dynamometamorphic (non foliated)
LOCALITY		Gokak, khanpue, mysore, baroda, sabar kantha, banas kantha.
REMARKS		Layers not distinct,cannot be separated

 

24. GRANITE SCHIST
MINEROLOGICAL COMPOSITION		qUARTZ, Orthoclasefeldspar, hornblende, mica
CLASSIFICATION		Dynamometamorphic ( foliated)
LOCALITY		Gokak, khanpue, mysore, baroda, sabar kantha, banas kantha.
REMARKS		--

 

25. MICA SCHIST
MINEROLOGICAL COMPOSITION		Mica, few crystals of quartz
CLASSIFICATION		Dynamometamorphic ( foliated)
LOCALITY		Gokak, mysore, nellore, panch mahal
REMARKS		Layers can easily be separated

 

26. CHLORITE SCHIST
MINEROLOGICAL COMPOSITION		Mainly chlorite withn quartz , fedspar, mica
CLASSIFICATION		Dynamometamorphic ( foliated)
LOCALITY		Khambhat, Granite area
REMARKS		--

 

 

27. SLATE
MINEROLOGICAL COMPOSITION		Mainly CLAY (FORMED FROM SHALE)
CLASSIFICATION		Dynamometamorphic ( foliated)
LOCALITY		Kaladgi, champaner (baroda)
REMARKS		--

28. MARBLE (WHITE)
MINEROLOGICAL COMPOSITION		CACO3 (RECRYSTALISED)
CLASSIFICATION		Thermometamorphic
LOCALITY		Jabalpur , ambaji (palanpur), jessalmer, indore
REMARKS		no layers

29. MARBLE GREEN
MINEROLOGICAL COMPOSITION		CACO3 (RECRYSTALISED)
CLASSIFICATION		Thermometamorphic
LOCALITY		Jabalpur , jessalmer
REMARKS		no layers

MINERALS:-

1.GRAPHITE
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION		C
STREAK		Dark shining
LUSTER		Metallic
HARDNESS		1.0
SP. GRAVITY		2.20 g/cc

2. SULPHUR
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION		S
STREAK		Yellow or white
LUSTER		Resineous
HARDNESS		1.0-2.0
SP. GRAVITY		2.07 g/cc

3. ROCK CRYSTAL (QUARTZ)
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION		sio2
STREAK		White
LUSTER		Vitreous
HARDNESS		7.0
SP. GRAVITY		2.6-2.7 g/cc

4. AMETHYST
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION		Sio2
STREAK		white
LUSTER		vitreous
HARDNESS		7.0
SP.GRAVITY		2.65 g/cc		Mainly CLAY (FORMED FROM SHALE)

5. MILK QUARTZ
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION		Sio2
STREAK		white
LUSTER		vitreous
HARDNESS		7.0
SP. GRAVITY		2.65 g/cc

6. CHALCEDONY
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION		Sio2
STREAK		white
LUSTER		Resineous
HARDNESS		7.0
SP. GRAVITY		2.60 g/cc

 

7. CARNELIAN
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION		Sio2
STREAK		white
LUSTER		resineous waxy
HARDNESS		7.0
SP. GRAVITY		2.60 g/cc

8. AGATE
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION		Sio2
STREAK		white
LUSTER		resineous waxy
HARDNESS		7.0
SP. GRAVITY		2.60 g/cc

  

9. FLINT
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION		Sio2
STREAK		white
LUSTER		resineous waxy
HARDNESS		7.0
SP. GRAVITY		2.60 g/cc

10. JASPAR
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION		Sio2
STREAK		white
LUSTER		dull (earthy)
HARDNESS		7.0
SP. GRAVITY		3.60 g/cc

11. OPAL
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION		Sio2
STREAK		white
LUSTER		subvitreous
HARDNESS		5.5-6.5
SP. GRAVITY		1.90-2.30 g/cc

12. HEMATITE
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION		Fe2o3
STREAK		red
LUSTER		earthy to metallic
HARDNESS		5.0 - 6.5
SP. GRAVITY		4.9-5.2 g/cc

13. LIMONITE
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION		2(Fe203)-3H2OFeo(OH)2nH2O
STREAK		brownish yellow
LUSTER		earthy
HARDNESS		5.0 - 5.5
SP. GRAVITY		3.60-4.00 g/cc

14. MAGNETITE
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION		Fe203
STREAK		black
LUSTER		dull metallic
HARDNESS		5.0-6.5
SP. GRAVITY		4.90-5.20 g/cc

15. CORUNDUM
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION		Al203
STREAK		white
LUSTER		vitreous
HARDNESS		9.0
SP. GRAVITY		4.00 g/cc

16. PLAGIOCLASE FELDSPAR
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION		NaAlSi3o8 + CaAl2Si2O8
STREAK		Pearly
LUSTER		sub vitreous
HARDNESS		6.0-6.5
SP. GRAVITY		2.60-2.76 g/cc

17. ORTHOCLASE FELDSPAR
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION		KAlSi3O8
STREAK		white
LUSTER		vitreous to pearly
HARDNESS		6.0
SP. GRAVITY		2.56 g/cc

18. ZEOLITE
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION		Ca , K, Na, Al- Silicates
STREAK		White
LUSTER		Vitreous to pearly
HARDNESS		6.0
SP. GRAVITY		2.80 g/cc

19. MUSCOVITE MICA
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION		KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
STREAK		white
LUSTER		pearly to viteous
HARDNESS		2.5
SP. GRAVITY		2.80-3.10 g/cc

20. BIOTITE MICA
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION		K(Mg, Fe, Mn)3 (AlSi3O10) (OH)2
STREAK		Grey
LUSTER		Vitreous to pearly
HARDNESS		2.5-3.0
SP. GRAVITY		2.80-3.40 g/cc

21. HORNBLENDE
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION		NaCa(Mg, Fe, Al)5 (Si Al)8O22(OH)2
STREAK		Greyish
LUSTER		vitreous
HARDNESS		5.5-6.0
SP. GRAVITY		3.00-3.40 g/cc

22. TALC
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION		Mg3Si4O10(OH)2
STREAK		White
LUSTER		pearly
HARDNESS		1.0
SP. GRAVITY		2.82 g/cc

23. ACTINOLITE
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION		Ca2(Mg,Fe)5 Si3O22(OH)2
STREAK		Greenish white
LUSTER		vitreous
HARDNESS		5.5
SP. GRAVITY		3.35 g/cc

 

24. OLIVINE
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION		MgFeSiO4
STREAK		Whitish grey
LUSTER		vitreous
HARDNESS		6.5
SP. GRAVITY		3.20-4.30 g/cc

 

25. TOURMALINE
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION		Na(Mg,Fe)3Al6(Bo3)3(Si6O18)(OH)4
STREAK		White
LUSTER		vitreous
HARDNESS		7.5
SP. GRAVITY		3.00-3.20 g/cc

26. CALCITE
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION		CaCo3
STREAK		white
LUSTER		vitreous
HARDNESS		3.0
SP. GRAVITY		2.71 g/cc

27. IRON PYRITE
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION		FeS2
STREAK		Greenish black
LUSTER		Metallic
HARDNESS		6.0-6.5
SP. GRAVITY		5.01 g/ccó

 

 

28. GALENA
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION		pbS
STREAK		Grey black
LUSTER		Metallic
HARDNESS		4.0-5.0
SP. GRAVITY		3.20 g/cc

29. FLUORITE (fluorspar)
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION		CaF2
STREAK		white
LUSTER		vitreous
HARDNESS		4.0
SP. GRAVITY		3.10 g/cc

30. HALITE
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION		NaCl
STREAK		colourless
LUSTER		vitreous
HARDNESS		2.5
SP. GRAVITY		2.1 g/cc