AGRONOMICAL IDENTIFICATION


IDENTIFICATION OF FERTILIZERS
1. CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS

 UREA
  
  • NUTRIENT CONTENT % :  N:P:K= 46:0:0
  • METHOD OF APPLICATION:- Broadcasting
  • REMARK : Urea having glossy white granules.


DI-AMMONIUM PHOSPHATE (DAP):-
   
  • NUTRIENT CONTENT % :-  N:P:K= 18:46:0
  • METHOD OF APPLICATION:- Broadcasting
  • REMARK :- DAP having heterogeneous(creamy and black colour) granules 

SINGLE SUPER PHOSPHATE (SSP)
 
  • NUTRIENT CONTENT % :- N:P:K= 00:16:00
  • METHOD OF APPLICATION :- Broadcasting
  • REMARK :- SSP having homogeneous(creamy) granules 




MURATE OF POTASH (MOP):-
  
  • NUTRIENT CONTENT % : N:P:K= 00:00:58-60
  • METHOD OF APPLICATION : Broadcasting
  • REMARK : MOP having detergent like(few red cloured particles) powder

2. ORGANIC FERTILIZERS


FYM
(FARM YARD MANURE)

IDENTIFICATION OF RABI(WINTER) CROPS:-

 WHEAT:-

  • BOTANICAL NAME:- Triticum aestivum L.
  • FAMILY:- Graminae
  • GUJARATI NAME:- ઘઉં 
  • TIME OF SOWING:- In winter months
  • METHOD OF SOWING:- seed drill
  • SPACING: 23 cm row spacing
  • SEED RATE:- small seeded varieties- 100 kg/ha, bold seeded varities- 125 kg/ha
  • MANURE AND FERTILIZER REQUIREMENT:- 25 CL/ha FYM , N:P:K= 60:0:0
  • SEED TREATMENT:-  Treatment with captan and thiram @ 3 g per kg 
  • RESEARCH STATION:- vijapur- mehsana (main), junagadh and bardoli (sub)
  • USES:-  Used to make roti , chapati, breads and many more items.



BARLEY:-
  • BOTANICAL NAME:- Hordeum vulgare L.
  • FAMILY:- Graminae
  • GUJARATI NAME:- જવ 
  • TIME OF SOWING:- middle of october to middle of november
  • METHOD OF SOWING:- Drill method is better than broad casting
  • SPACING: 22.5 cm in irrigated and 30 cm in unirrigated condition.
  • SEED RATE:- 75-80 kg/ha
  • MANURE AND FERTILIZER REQUIREMENT:- 8-10 t/ha FYM, N:P:K- 40-60:20:0
  • SEED TREATMENT:- Agrosen or cerasan @ 2 g per kg
  • RESEARCH STATION:- Haryana - karnal
  • USES:- It has good nutritional value and used tomake many food stuffs



OATS
  • BOTANICAL NAME:- Avena sativa L. 
  • FAMILY:- Gramineae  
  • GUJARATI NAME:-
  • TIME OF SOWING:  on 15th November.   continuous green forage production - sowing should be done at every 15 days interval start from the month of October and continued up to the month of December or different varieties vary in maturity period may also be grown on separate field.
  • METHOD OF SOWING:- Drill method
  • SPACING: 25 to 30 cm between row to row
  • SEED RATE:- 100 kg/ha
  • MANURE AND FERTILIZER REQUIREMENT:- Well decomposed FYM @ 30 to 40 CL/ha should be applied at the time of land preparation. The chemical fertilizer dose is as under.
    (A)  For one cut method
        N, kg/ha
    P2O5,   kg/ha
    K2O, kg/ha
    Remarks
          80
    30
    0
                  
          40
    30
    0
    As basal application
          40
    -
    -
    At 30 DAS
    (B)              For two cut method
        N, kg/ha
    P2O5, kg/ha
    K2O, kg/ha
    Remarks
          120
    30
    0
                   
          40
    30
    0
    As basal application
          20
    -
    -
    At 30 DAS
          60
    -
    -
    After first cut
  • SEED TREATMENT:-
  • RESEARCH STATION:- :  IGFRI, Jhansi, In Gujarat, Anand (Main), Dhari (Sub).
  • USES:- It is most important cereal fodder crop grown in winter season.  It is quick growing, palatable, succulent and nutritive crop and forms an excellent combination when fed along with other cold season legume/s to the animals. Oat is used as a green fodder, straw, hay or silage. Green fodder contains about 10-12% protein.




CHICKPEA:-
  • BOTANICAL NAME:- Cicer arientinum L.
  • FAMILY:- Leguminoseae
  • GUJARATI NAME:- ચણા 
  • TIME OF SOWING:-Seond fortnight of october or first week of november.
  • METHOD OF SOWING:- seed drill
  • SPACING: 30 cm*10 cm
  • SEED RATE:- 60-70 kg/ha
  • MANURE AND FERTILIZER REQUIREMENT:- for irrigated--N:P:K=25:50:0, for unirrigated--N:P:K=15:40:0
  • SEED TREATMENT:- Thiram and carbendazim at 2 to 3 g/kg of seed.
  • RESEARCH STATION:- junagadg(main), sardar krushinagar, vadodra, dahod, derol, arnejaa(sub)
  • USES:- used to make dal.




PEAS:-
  • BOTANICAL NAME:- Pisum sativum (L.)
  • FAMILY:- Leguminoseae
  • GUJARATI NAME:-
  • TIME OF SOWING:- With onset of winter in the month of November.
  • METHOD OF SOWING:-
  • SPACING: 45 x 45 or 60 x 60 cm, at cross mark, dibble one seed.
  • SEED RATE:- 50 to 95 kg seeds/ha.
  • MANURE AND FERTILIZER REQUIREMENT:- 30 - 40 C L good quality FYM/ha, 20 - 25 kg nitrogen, 40-50 kg P2O5 and 50 kg K2O/ha
  • SEED TREATMENT:- Seeds should be treated with Thiram @ 2  - 3 g /kg of seeds and proper strain of rhizobium culture should be inoculated before sowing the crop.
  • RESEARCH STATION:-
  • USES:- Garden peas are harvested at immature condition for cooking as green peas to provide delicious dish or to be canned as frozen for subsequent uses. Field peas are grown as a forage crop for cattle or as a green manure crop or as a cover crop or as a mature seeds. These mature seeds may be used as whole or split into "DAL" and for various preparations for human consumption.  It is highly nutritive and contains high digestible protein, carbohydrates, minerals and vitamins. It contains 22.5 % protein, fat 1.8 % and carbohydrates 62.1 %. It also contains calcium, iron, riboflavin and thiamin.




LENTIL:-
  • BOTANICAL NAME:- Lens esculenta  Moench
  • FAMILY:- Leguminoseae
  • GUJARATI NAME:-
  • TIME OF SOWING:- 15 October to 15 November (timely sown crop)
    15 November onwards (late sown crop), delay in sowing results in low yield with inferior quality of grain.
  • METHOD OF SOWING:- 30 cm (Line sowing for timely sown crop) ,20-25 cm (late sown crop)
  • SPACING:
  • SEED RATE:- 30-35 kg/ha (timely sown crop), 50 kg/ha (late sown crop)
  • MANURE AND FERTILIZER REQUIREMENT:- 20-50-0  kg NPK/ha as basal application.
  • SEED TREATMENT:-
  • RESEARCH STATION:-
  • USES:- It is one of the important rabi pulse and most nutritious pulse crop. It has potential to cover the risk of dryland agriculture. It is mostly eaten as  "DAL". Whole pulse grain is also used in some of the food dishes. The plant parts are used a cattle feed. It is also use as cover crop to prevent soil erosion. Seeds contain 25 % protein.





RAHMAH
  • BOTANICAL NAME:- Phaseolus vulgaris L. 
  • FAMILY:- 
  • GUJARATI NAME:-
  • TIME OF SOWING:- Sowing in first fortnight of November gives higher yields.
  • METHOD OF SOWING:- drilling
  • SPACING: crop at 30 x 10 cm spacing 
  • SEED RATE:- 120 to 140 kg/ha
  • MANURE AND FERTILIZER REQUIREMENT:- FYM @ 10 to 15 tonnes/ha, N:P:K = 90-100:60:30 
    N kg/ha
    P2O5 kg/ha
    K2O kg/ha
    Remarks
    90-100
    60
    30

    45-50
    60
    30
    Basal application
    45-50
    -
    -
    At second irrigation
     
  • SEED TREATMENT:- Give fungicidal seed treatment of Carbendanzim or Thiram @ 2 to 3 gm per kg of seeds before sowing to prevent the crop seed borne diseases.
  • RESEARCH STATION:-
  • USES:- 1)      It is a legume crop, adds atmospheric nitrogen into the soil and improves fertility of the soil. So it is suitable in crop rotation.
    2)      As compared to other legumes, it has high resistance against insects – pest and diseases so there is a low cost of plant protection.
    3)       It is a very nutritious legumes food crop and pods are also used as vegetables. Grains contain 21 % protein, 11.7 % fat and 70 % carbohydrates. It also posses high amount of calcium, phosphorus and Iron which are necessary for good health.
    4)      In ideal conditions, it is as profitable short duration crop (100-110 days) as irrigated wheat and suitable in intensive cropping pattern.
    5)      As rajmash posses fibrous root system, it also takes water and nutrients from upper layer of the soil so it is grown only as an irrigated crop.




MUSTARD:-
  • BOTANICAL NAME:- Brassica Juncea 
  • FAMILY:- Cruciferae .
  • GUJARATI NAME:-
  • TIME OF SOWING:-between 15 to 25 October or during Swati nakshtra, when temperature goes down during daytime
  • METHOD OF SOWING:- drilling 
  • SPACING: at 45 cm apart in rows and plant-to-plant spacing should be maintained 20 cm
  • SEED RATE:- 3.5 – 4.0 kg of seeds/ha
  • MANURE AND FERTILIZER REQUIREMENT:- 

    Manures and fertilizers

    Well decomposed FYM @ 20 to 25 CL/ha
    For irrigated crop

    N kg/ha
    P2O5 kg/ha
    K2O kg/ha
    Remarks
    50
    50
    0

    25
    50
    0
    Drilled in furrow before sowing
    25
    -
    -
    At 30 DAS
  • SEED TREATMENT:-
  • RESEARCH STATION:- Main: Sardar Krushinagar
  • USES:-

RAPSEED:-

  • BOTANICAL NAME:- Brassica campestris 
  • FAMILY:- Cruciferae .
  • GUJARATI NAME:-
  • TIME OF SOWING:- between 15 to 25 October or during Swati nakshtra, when temperature goes down during daytime
  • METHOD OF SOWING:- drilling 
  • SPACING: at 45 cm apart in rows and plant-to-plant spacing should be maintained 20 cm
  • SEED RATE:- 3.5 – 4.0 kg of seeds/ha
  • MANURE AND FERTILIZER REQUIREMENT:- 

    Manures and fertilizers

    Well decomposed FYM @ 20 to 25 CL/ha
    For irrigated crop

    N kg/ha
    P2O5 kg/ha
    K2O kg/ha
    Remarks
    50
    50
    0

    25
    50
    0
    Drilled in furrow before sowing
    25
    -
    -
    At 30 DAS
  • SEED TREATMENT:-
  • RESEARCH STATION:-  Main: Sardar Krushinagar
  • USES:-


    SUNFLOWER
    • BOTANICAL NAME:- Helianthus annus L.
    • FAMILY:- Compositae
    • GUJARATI NAME:-
    • TIME OF SOWING:- 
      • For summer season - First week of February.
      • For Kharif season - Most appropriate time for sowing of variety EC 68414 - June up to end of July with onset of the monsoon and for variety Modern - sowing can be done up to the end of August.
      • For rabi, first week of November.
    • METHOD OF SOWING:- Drilling 
    • SPACING: 60 cm x 20 cm
    • SEED RATE:- 
      • 10 to 12 kg/ha (sole crop)
      • 05 to 06 kg/ha (mixed crop)
      • For fodder, 20-25 kg/ha (30 cm spacing, 40-40 NP kg/ha and harvesting at flowering stage)
    • MANURE AND FERTILIZER REQUIREMENT:-  N:P:K = 60:60:00
      N kg/ha
      P2O5 kg/ha
      K2O kg/ha
      Remarks
      60
      60
      0

      30
      60
      0
      At the time of sowing
      30
      0
      0
      30 to 40 DAS
    • SEED TREATMENT:-
    • RESEARCH STATION:-
    • USES:-


    SAFFLOWER
    • BOTANICAL NAME:- Carthamus tinctorius L.
    • FAMILY:- Compositae
    • GUJARATI NAME:-
    • TIME OF SOWING:- October - November
    • METHOD OF SOWING:- Drilling
    • SPACING: 30 to 45 cm
    • SEED RATE:- 15 to 20 kg/ha (sole crop)
                    4 to 12 kg/ha (mixed crop)
    • MANURE AND FERTILIZER REQUIREMENT:- 20:20:0   kg NPK/ha
    • SEED TREATMENT:-
    • RESEARCH STATION:- Main Research Station: Junagadh, Sub Research Station: Arnej and Amreli
    • USES:-




    LINSEED
    • BOTANICAL NAME:- Linum usitatissimum L.
    • FAMILY:- Linaceae
    • GUJARATI NAME:-
    • TIME OF SOWING:- First week of October to first week of November is appropriate time for sowing.  Delay in sowing adversely affects plant growth   and ultimately reduce yield.
    • METHOD OF SOWING:-
    • SPACING: 30 cm x 5 cm. Depth of sowing: 4-5 cm
    • SEED RATE:- 20 to 30 kg seeds per hectare are enough.
    • MANURE AND FERTILIZER REQUIREMENT:- Well decomposed FYM @ 15 to 20 CL/ha
      N kg/ha
      P2O5 kg/ha
      K2O kg/ha
      Remarks
      50
      40
      0

      25
      40
      0
      As basal
      25
      0
      0
      At first irrigation (30-40 DAS)
    • SEED TREATMENT:- 
    • RESEARCH STATION:-
    • USES:- Linseed is an important oilseed and fiber crop. Its seed and fiber are used for manufacture of linen, canvas and in dispersible products for defense purpose. Seed contains oil varies from 33 to 47 % in different varieties. About 20 % of oil is used in farmers home, while about 80 % oil is used in industries in various forms such as boiled oil, borated oil, eposidized oil, mateinized oil, aluminated oil, urethane oil, isomerized oil. Oil is used for the preparation of paints, varnish, pad ink, printing ink, oilcloths, soap, linoleum and patent leather and waterproof fabrics. The oil cake is used as cattle feed. It contains 36 % protein. It also used as organic manure. It contains about 5 % nitrogen, 1.4 % P2O5 and 1.8 % K2O.
       Among the oilseed crops grown in rabi, linseed is next in importance to rapeseed and mustard in areas as well as in production. In technical oil production, it ranks first in the country. Every part of the linseed plant is utilized commercially either directly or after processing. On a small scale, seed is directly used for edible purposes. 
                  The stem yields fibre of good quality having high strength and durability. The weather resistant fibre is lustrous and blends very well with wool, silk, cotton etc. Strong twines, canvas, suiting, shirting and various indispensable products for defense purposes are manufactured from it. Woody matter and short fibres may be used as raw pulp for making paper of quality comparable with that f currency notes. The rough strong linseed fibre can effectively be used for low cost roofing tiles based on convertible polymers and for fibre reinforced plastic (FRP) based on unsaturated polyesters. 


    TOBACCO
    • BOTANICAL NAME:- Nicotiana Tabacum L.
                                                Nicotiana rustica L.
    • FAMILY:- Solanaceae
    • GUJARATI NAME:-
    • TIME OF TRANSPLANTING:- Second   fortnight of August is the optimum   time   of transplanting of tobacco seedling. However, it can be done latest by 10th September. If transplanting is done after 30th August, the yield and quality is reduced to the greater extent due to leaf curl virus, which transmitted by the white flies. Transplanting should be done during drizzling rain and in late evening or late after noon hours.  However, in a cloudy day, it can be done at any time of a day. This type of weather conditions is very favourable for establishment of the seedlings. 
    • METHOD OF SOWING:- Tobacco seedlings are transplanted method. The field is line marked with the help of iron or wooden marker at 90 cm apart. The furrows are opened with the help of plough as per the line marked in the field. There after cross marking at 60 cm distance is done at the right angle to the opened furrows.  Seedlings are transplanted at cross mark at the hedge of the furrow to avoid seeding rot and uprooting of the seedlings due to heavy flow of rainwater. If there is no rain, the line-marked field is irrigated in furrows in the morning hours and cross marking is done for transplanting of the seedlings in the late evening time. Healthy disease free seedlings of 8-10 cm height should be used for transplanting. If rain is not occur after   transplanting, light irrigation   at 5-6   days   may conveniently be given in furrows for good establishment of the seedlings.
    • SPACING: 90 x 60 cm  (18500 seedlings/ha)
      Spacing for GT-5 is recommended either 90 cm x 60 cm  (18500 seedlings/ha) or 90 cm x 75 cm (15000 seedlings/ha or 90 x 90 cm (12350 seedlings/ha) 
    • SEED RATE:- 5 kg/ha  (50 gram for one are or guntha) for raising one-hectare nursery.
    • MANURE AND FERTILIZER REQUIREMENT:- 180 kg N per hectare is recommended for the crop.
    • SEED TREATMENT:-
    • RESEARCH STATION:- 
      • Central Tobacco Research Institute, Rajahmundry
      • Main - Bidi Tobacco Research Station, Anand.
      • AICRP on Tobacco, Rajahmunadry (AP)
      Sub - Dharmaj (Chewing), Sanand (Hookah), Vijapur (Rustica)
    • USES:-

    POTATO


    • BOTANICAL NAME:- Solanum tuberosum   and    Solanum andigenum
    • FAMILY:- Solanaceae
    • GUJARATI NAME:-
    • TIME OF SOWING:- The optimum time of planting potato synchronizes with the period maximum temperature is about 30-320C and minimum around 18-200C. 
    • METHOD OF SOWING:- 
    • SPACING: spacing depend upon the variety and the purpose for which the potato is grown.
    • SEED RATE:- Higher seed rates are used for raising a good crop but lower (preferably cut pieces) for ware potatoes. 
    • MANURE AND FERTILIZER REQUIREMENT:- N:P:K = 120:80: 100-120
    • SEED TREATMENT:-
    • RESEARCH STATION:- International : Main : International Potato centre, Apartado-5969, Lima, Peru (South America)
      Sub-Centre: International Potato Centre, Region-6, South Asia, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, India
      National : Central Potato Research Institute, Simla (H.P.)
      Gujarat :  Potato Research Centre, Deesa, SDAU, Dantiwada
    • USES:-




    SUGARCANE
    • BOTANICAL NAME:- Saccharum officinarum  L
    • FAMILY:- gramineae
    • GUJARATI NAME:-
    • TIME OF PLANTING:-
    •  1) Pre-seasonal planting (Sara planting)This planting is done in the month of October - November and duration is of 15 months.    
      2) Seasonal planting (Spring planting)This planting is done in the month of January - February and duration is of 10-12 months.
      3) Adsali plantingThis planting is done in the month of June  - July and duration is of 18 months. Adsali planting is not followed in Gujarat but this method is common in Maharashtra state.
    • METHOD OF SOWING:-
    • SPACING: In fertile soils, distance between two rows is 100 to 120 cm, while in light soils, distance between two rows is 90 cm.
    • SEED RATE:- Normally 30000 to 35000 three eye budded setts or 50000 two eye budded setts are required for planting of one hectare area (5 to 6 tonnes according to the varieties).
    • MANURE AND FERTILIZER REQUIREMENT:-
    • SEED TREATMENT:-
    • RESEARCH STATION:- Main Sugarcane Research Station   - Junagadh
      Regional Research Station: - Kodinar, Navsari, Thasra, Vyara.
      Coimbatore:      Sugarcane Breeding Institute is located at Coimbatore. It was established in the year 1912. The center is selected for Sugarcane breeding purpose because of typical climate, which is suitable for breeding sugarcane, as the crop requires warm and humid climate for flowering and seed setting.
      Lucknow:  Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research established in 1952.
      All India Co-ordinated Research Project on Sugarcane (ICAR) established in 1970.
    • USES:-

    SUGARBEET
    • BOTANICAL NAME:-Beta vulgaris L.
    • FAMILY:- Chanopodiaceae
    • GUJARATI NAME:-
    • TIME OF SOWING:-
    • METHOD OF SOWING:- Sowing can be done on ridge. Seeds are dibbled by hand on ridges about 2-4 cm deep and at 20 cm distance between two plants.
    • SPACING:   Ridge to Ridge : 45 cm ; plant to Plant : 20 cm.
    • SEED RATE:- 3 kg/ha by dibbling method and 10 kg/ha by furrow sowing.
    • MANURE AND FERTILIZER REQUIREMENT:-
    • SEED TREATMENT:-
    • RESEARCH STATION:-
    • USES:- 1.      Manufacturing of sugar.
      2.      Top portion is used for cattle feed. In western countries, tops are turned into silage or dehydrated for feeding to cattle later.
      3.      Tops are rich in nitrogen, so make good green manure, if ploughed in to soil.
      4.      Sugar beet pulp obtained after extraction used as cattle feed. It is fed in various forms viz; fresh, processed, dried or as silage.
      5.      sugar beet molasses also used as cattle feed either alone or in mixture with other feeds.



          AJWAN
          • BOTANICAL NAME:- Carum captimum -sprague
          • FAMILY:-
          • GUJARATI NAME:-
          • TIME OF SOWING:- 2nd fortnight of October to first week of November with onset of winter season.
          • METHOD OF SOWING:- B
          • SPACING: Sowing is done by broadcasting. Broadcasted seed should be properly mixed with soil with help of rake. Seed should not be go deep more than 1.0 cm or should not be remain open in the bed.
          • SEED RATE:- 2 kg/ha
          • MANURE AND FERTILIZER REQUIREMENT:- :      Well decomposed FYM @ 10 t/ha should be incorporated into the soil at the time of land preparation,  if it is not applied to previous kharif crop.
            Nitrogen
            P2O5
            K2O
            Remarks
            40
            20
            20
            30
            30
            00
            00
            00
            00
            Kg/ha
            Basal
            45 DABc
          • SEED TREATMENT:- Agrosan or Ceresan @ 2-3 g per kg of seeds. Seed should be mixed with fine soil or powdery materials like sieved castor cake or FYM etc. for uniform distribution of seeds in the field.
          • RESEARCH STATION:-
          • USES:- Great   medicinal value , good            against gaseous, old constipation, wormal and digestible troubles. Oil of ajvan  has great medicinal value. Seed is used in  preparation of some vegetables during their cooking.




          CORIANDER
          • BOTANICAL NAME:- Coriandrum sativum L.
          • FAMILY:- Umbellifeae
          • GUJARATI NAME:-
          • TIME OF SOWING:- 15 th October to 15th November
          • METHOD OF SOWING:-
          • SPACING: 30 x 15 cm by drill method 
          • SEED RATE:- 10 kg seeds/ha. 
          • MANURE AND FERTILIZER REQUIREMENT:- Well decomposed FYM @ 10-15 t/ha should be applied at the time of preparation land.
            Nitrogen
            P2O5
            K2O
            Remarks
            20
            10
            10
            10
            10
            00
            00
            00
            00
            Kg/ha
            Basal
            At 6 weeks after sowing
          • SEED TREATMENT:-
          • RESEARCH STATION:- Pilvai and  Jagudan
          • USES:-Coriander leaves and seeds both contain "Cross andinol" terpentine oil. The aroma in seeds and leaves is due to this oil. It is used as condiments. Both seeds and leaves are rich in vitamin A (Carotene). Coriander leaves used for making chutney. Seeds are important ingredient of the famous Indian curry. Besides, seeds have a number of medicinal uses. Coriander oil is used for flavouring liquors, coca preparation and confectionary. It kills spider, mites and cotton aphids too. Coriander is exported to Sri Lanka, Malayasia, East Africa and USA. India produces 8000 tonnes of coriander seeds. Among these quantities, 90 per cent seeds are utilized in India and only 10 per cent seeds are exported to the above said countries.




          CUMIN
          • BOTANICAL NAME:- Cuminum cyminum L.
          • FAMILY:- Umbelliferace
          • GUJARATI NAME:-
          • TIME OF SOWING:- Sowing should be done in the second fortnight of October to first week of November. However, first week of November is optimum time for maximum benefit.
          • METHOD OF SOWING:- Cumin is sown by broadcasting. Broadcasted seeds are covered with the soil in the bed by rake and at this time care should be taken that seed should not be remained open and also do not go deep more than 1.0 cm in the soil.
          • SPACING:
          • SEED RATE:- 15-20 kg 
          • MANURE AND FERTILIZER REQUIREMENT:- FYM @ 10 t/ha 
            Nitrogen
            P2O5
            K2O
            Remarks
            30
            15
            15
            15
            15
            00
            00
            00
            00
            Kg/ha
            Basal-at the time of land preparation
            At 30 DAS
             
          • SEED TREATMENT:- Seeds should be treated with Agrosan or Ceresan @ 3 g per kg of cumin seeds before sowing. For better germination, seeds should be soaked in water for 8 hours.
          • RESEARCH STATION:-  Main- Jagudan (Mehsana)
          • USES:-       Spices play an important role in human dietary because of their agreeable flavour and aroma to food and add greatly to the pleasure of eating.Cumin locally known as Jeeru is one of the important spice crops. Cumin helps in earning foreign exchange to the National Exchequer. Cumin seeds contain volatile oil ranging from 2.5 to 4.0 per cent. Indian cumin seeds are found to contain about 3.5 per cent volatile oil by their weight, i.e., cumin aldehydo or cuminol. Cumin oil has medicinal value and is also used in perfumery and for flavouring food and beverages. It is good medicine against digestive and intestinal upsets. As condiment Cumin is used in preparation of curries, bread, cheese and pickles. Seeds are used in diarrhea. The aroma in seed is only due to cuminol.

          DILLSEED
           
          • BOTANICAL NAME:- Anethum  graveolenus L.
          • FAMILY:-umbelliferae
          • GUJARATI NAME:-
          • TIME OF SOWING:- Second fortnight of October to first week of November with onset of winter season.
          • METHOD OF SOWING:- broadcasting
          • SPACING: Broadcasted seed should be properly mixed with the soil with the help of rake. Seed should not be go deep more than 1.0 cm or should not be remain open in the bed.
          • SEED RATE:- 2 kg/ha
          • MANURE AND FERTILIZER REQUIREMENT:- FYM @ 8-10 t/ha 
            Nitrogen
            P2O5
            K2O
            Remarks
            40
            20
            20
            30
            30
            00
            00
            00
            00
            Kg/ha
            Basal
            At 40 DAB
          • SEED TREATMENT:-
          • RESEARCH STATION:-
          • USES:- Dillseed has its great medicinal value. It helps well against gastritis, old constipation, worm and indigestion troubles. The oil of dillseed also has great medicinal value. The seed of dillseed is used in preparation of some vegetables during their cooking.



          FENUGREEK
          • BOTANICAL NAME:- Trilgonella foenumgraecum L.
          • FAMILY:- 
          • GUJARATI NAME:-
          • TIME OF SOWING:- 4th week of  September to 2nd week of October.
          • METHOD OF SOWING:- Drilling or by broadcasting
          • SPACING: 30 x 10 cm for line sown crop
          • SEED RATE:- 15 to 20 kg/ha 
          • MANURE AND FERTILIZER REQUIREMENT:- If kharif crop is not manure with FYM, apply 8-10 t FYM/ha at time of preparation of the land.

            Nitrogen
            P2O5
            K2O
            Remarks
            40
            20
            20
            25
            25
            00
            00
            00
            00
            Kg/ha
            Basal
            At 40 DAS
          • SEED TREATMENT:-
          • RESEARCH STATION:-
          • USES:- It is used as condiments, as leafy vegetables and used in pickles, salad,curry preparation and used for medicinal purposes





          ISABGOL







          • BOTANICAL NAME:- Plantago ovata Forst.
          • FAMILY:- Plantaginaceae
          • GUJARATI NAME:- 
          • TIME OF SOWING:- 
          • METHOD OF SOWING:- broadcasting
          • SPACING: -
          • SEED RATE:- 7-8 kg/ha
          • MANURE AND FERTILIZER REQUIREMENT:- 8-10 tonnes FYM or compost, N:P:K = 50:25:00
          • SEED TREATMENT:-
          • RESEARCH STATION:-
          • USES:- 
            • Isabgol (Plantago ovata) is an important medicinal crop of India.
            • It is an stemless herb. The husk is the rosey-white membranous covering of the seed which constitutes the drug, and is given as a safe laxative, particularly beneficial in habitual constipation, chronic diarrhoea and dysentery.
            • India is the largest producer of isabgol and exports seeds and husk worth more than Rs 25 million annually. From the total production of husk in Gujarat, 75% is being exported. 



          LUCERN
          • BOTANICAL NAME:- Medicago sativa L.
          • FAMILY:- Leguminosae
          • GUJARATI NAME:-
          • TIME OF SOWING:- 15th November (second week of November) is the most appropriate time of sowing. However, sowing can be done from 15th October to 15th November.
          • METHOD OF SOWING:- This crop should be sown by broadcasting or drilling method. Seed should be sown 1 to 1.5 cm depth.
          • SPACING: Lucerne should be sown at 25 cm row spacing for easy interculturing operations. Perennial crop should be sown at 25 cm row distance.
          • SEED RATE:- 1) For annual crop - 10 kg seeds/ha
            2) For perennial crop - 15 kg seeds/ha
          • MANURE AND FERTILIZER REQUIREMENT:-  30 to 40 CL (15 to 20 t/ha) well decomposed FYM should be mixed properly in the soil at the time of land preparation.

                N, kg/ha
            P2O5,  kg/ha
            K2O, kg/ha
            Remarks
                 20
            50
            50
            As basal application
          • SEED TREATMENT:- Seed should be treated with seresan or thiram and then it should be inoculated with suitable strain of Rhizobium culture (Rhizobium meliloti, 1.0 to 1.25 kg of culture/ha) before sowing for fast growth, easy germination and more yields.
          • RESEARCH STATION:- : Indian Grass land and Forage Research Institute, Jhansi 
                                            At State level -    Anand
                                            Sub centre      -    Dhari 
          • USES:- Lucerne crop is one of the most important fodder crops of India called as "queen" among fodder of "green gold".  Being a deep-rooted crop, Lucerne extracts water from the deeper zone of the soil. It can be grown both as annual as well as perennial crop. This crop may supply green fodder continuously for 3 to 4 years from the same field as perennial crop. It yields nutritive and palatable fodder, which contains about 15 to 20% crude protein with 72% digestibility (dry weight basis) and high amount of vitamins A, B, and D. Since, Lucerne is a rich feed; it should be used only in small quantities. When, it fed to animals in excess of green fodder Lucerne causes “bloat” in cattle.  Therefore, start with a small quantity of green feed in the beginning and than gradually by increases the quantity. Feeding of Lucerne hay may replace use of grains and concentrates. Lucerne hay is particularly rich in protein, calcium   and vitamins. Lucerne crop supplies green fodder for a longer period in comparison to Berseem. Lucerne being a leguminous crop, adds about 194 kg N/ha to the soil.


          BERSEEM
          • BOTANICAL NAME:- Trifolium alexandrinum L.
          • FAMILY:- Leguminosae
          • GUJARATI NAME:-
          • TIME OF SOWING:- 15th September to end of November.
          • METHOD OF SOWING:- Broadcasting method 
          • SPACING: at 20 to 30 cm spacing
          • SEED RATE:- 50 kg/ha (Bold seeded variety like Pusa Gaint)
            25 to 30 kg/ha (Small seeded variety like Meskavi)
          • MANURE AND FERTILIZER REQUIREMENT:- 40-50 CL FYM/ha should be applied at the time of land preparation.
                N, kg/ha
            P2O5,   kg/ha
            K2O, kg/ha
            Remarks
                  20
            80
            40
            Basal application
          • SEED TREATMENT:-
          • RESEARCH STATION:-
          • USES:- Berseem also called Egyptian clover has been rightly called king of fodder crops due to the high yields of succulent, palatable and nutritious fodder that it provides over a long season from November to May in five to six cuts. Berseem is important winter forage. It has 20% crude protein and 70% dry matter digestibility.
            Excessive feeding of Berseem in the young stage or when it is wet with dew in the morning causes bloat called timpanists. If animals are allowed to graze, the crop should first be sprayed with emulsion of linseed or mustard oil to prevent bloat. Berseem is considered as a good green manure crop and useful in reclaiming alkali-saline soils. It adds about 24 kg N/ha and improves physical condition of the soil.

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